Properties of Matter.

No scientific basis exists for the notion of special vital forces or energy fields associated with living organisms. Medical journals should follow the lead of most scientific journals and not publish extraordinary claims without extraordinary evidence. One of the primary assumptions within Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is that living things possess a special energy field, linked to the cosmos, which I will call the bio-energetic field. "Pure energy" is viewed as a biophysical substance …

…ese particles interact with one another to make up the more complex stuff that has evolved into stars, planets, and horses. In the standard model, forces result from the exchange of particles called gauge bosons: electromagnetism --> photon strong nuclear --> gluons (8) weak nuclear --> weak bosons (4) gravity --> graviton While these "force particles" are described by quantum fields in the theory, no continuous medium, such as the aether, is involved.